OsBELL4A调控水稻WOX家族基因表达及水稻幼苗生长和耐逆

根系不仅对地上部分起着重要的支撑作用,也是植物吸收水分和养分的主要器官。为了研究BELL家族因子在植物生长发育及逆境胁迫应答中的功能,通过与拟南芥序列对比,鉴定到水稻4个BELL4同源基因,它们的启动子含有ABRE、GARE、ERE、ARE和DRE等应答逆境胁迫和激素信号的元件。在水稻根中进行实时定量PCR分析表明,这4个BELL4同源基因不仅受到干旱、低温以及盐等逆境胁迫诱导,而且还受到植物激素乙烯、赤霉素以及脱落酸的调控,表明这些基因可能应答多种激素及逆境胁迫。进一步分析OsBELL4A干扰材料表型发现,抑制OsBELL4A基因能够促进WOX家族基因的表达水平,并抑制水稻苗期初生根生长,但使冠根数量增多。这些结果表明水稻BELL4同源基因OsBELL4A在水稻根系发育及逆境胁迫应答中可能具有重要的调控功能。     

不同化控剂对春玉米根系伤流液特性的影响及其激素调控机制

以东农253为试验材料,在玉米6叶期喷施吨田宝(DTB)、DCPTA和ETH复配剂(KP)两种化控剂,对照为清水。结果表明,DTB和KP均可提高春玉米根系伤流量,特别是生育后期的流量,分别比对照提高了72.34%和129.78%;提高了伤流液中矿质元素的流量,氨基酸的总流量也得到相应的提高,特别是丝氨酸的流量。内源激素IAA、CTK和ABA流量在各时期均有增加;GA流量在乳熟期得到显著提高,拔节期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆初期均低于对照,之后得到显著提高。对内源激素比值均有不同程度的影响,改变了激素间的平衡水平;提高了行粒数和百粒重,产量分别比对照提高了13.89%和21.06%。相关性分析表明,玉米根系伤流量及其组分与产量密切相关,表明化控剂具有调控根系伤流量、矿质元素和内源激素流量的作用,对促进地上部生长发育和产量的形成有重要作用。     

Effects of Estradiol and Testosterone on the Expression of Growth‐related Genes in Female and Male Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

Nile tilapia exhibits strong sexual growth dimorphism. The potential role of sex steroid hormones in sexual growth dimorphism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of estradiol (E₂) and testosterone (T) on growth rate, plasma sex hormones, and expression of growth hormone (GH)‐insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis genes and muscle regulatory factor (MRF) genes in female and male Nile tilapia. The results revealed that serum concentrations of E₂ and T were significantly higher after correlative injection (P < 0.05). Compared to male fish, female fish had lower growth rates. E₂ increased growth performance in females with no significant effects on males, whereas T significantly increased growth performance in males, with no significant effects on females. In females, E₂ significantly increased expression of ghr1, ghr2, igf1, and igf2, while T decreased igf2 and increased ghr1 and ghr2 expression. In males, T increased expression of igf1, igf2, ghr1, and ghr2, and E₂ decreased expression of igf1, ghr1, and ghr2. Additionally, E₂ and T enhanced the expression of MRF genes (myod1, myod2, myog, and myf5) in female and male fish, respectively. The results suggest that sex steroid hormones play a role in sexual growth dimorphism by regulating the expression of GH‐IGF axis and MRF genes.     

Effects of 17β-estradiol injection on the reproductive efficiency of freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

The effects of 17β-estradiol injection (10^?7mol/crayfish) in adult female Astacus leptodactylus on the reproductive efficiency (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers) were investigated. In addition, hepatosomatic index, gonodosomatic index, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels of crayfish ovary, hepatopancreas, and heamolymph before and after injections were also determined. Results showed that E2 injection to females enhances the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus. E2 injection significantly increased pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers, GSI, HSI, and concentrations of E2 in heamolymph, ovary, and hepatopancreas. However, E2 injection did not accelerate time of mating and proportion of pleopodal egg-berried females at the first week of reproduction season in this species. This study highlights that to improve the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus by using hormones to regulate the ovarian cycle, E2 should be used at least 1.5 months before the commencement of the breeding season.     

内源激素变化及外源生长素对紫花苜蓿种子萌发过程的影响

为了探索紫花苜蓿萌发过程内源激素的变化趋势及生长素对其萌发的影响,本研究以‘新牧4号’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Xinmu No.4’）为试验材料,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定未萌发种子（M1）、露白种子（M2）、肧根长度1.0~1.2 cm种子（M3）、苗期种子（M4）这四个萌发时期种子中内源激素的含量;并研究不同浓度IAA浸种处理对种子萌发及子叶中内源激素的影响。结果表明：种子萌发过程中,赤霉素含量逐渐增多,脱落酸含量逐渐减少,但在M4时期含量略有回升;生长素含量先减少随后逐渐增多。不同浓度IAA浸种处理后,10 mg·L^-1 IAA可显著提高种子的萌发势、萌发率,促进幼苗的生长,与对照相比,子叶中脱落酸含量显著减少（P<0.05）,生长素、赤霉素含量显著增多（P<0.05）。综上所述,10 mg·L^-1 IAA浸种处理能促进苜蓿种子萌发,并促进子叶中生长素、赤霉素的合成。     

拟南芥和十字花科蔬菜花序发育调控机制研究进展

十字花科植物花序发育受内源因子和外界环境等多种因素调控,其中开花基因和植物激素起着至关重要的作用,最近发现糖也是该调控网络的核心因子。综述了拟南芥和十字花科蔬菜中开花基因、激素和糖等内源因子调控花序发育的分子机制,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,为十字花科蔬菜花序发育调控及分子育种提供借鉴。     

茉莉酸甲酯对葡萄植株不定根发育的影响

利用不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对葡萄组培植株进行处理,进而分析其生理及基因表达变化,结果表明MeJA能抑制植株不定根的分化和伸长,诱导根、茎、叶组织中的脱落酸（ABA）含量升高,但降低赤霉素（GA）、生长素（IAA）和细胞分裂素（ZR）的含量,且影响叶片中叶绿素代谢导致褪绿黄化。MeJA能诱导植物体内茉莉酸合成代谢基因表达进而提高内源茉莉酸的含量,诱导ABA合成代谢和信号路径中的基因表达,但是会抑制生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、油菜素内酯合成代谢基因的表达,抑制了与根发育和延伸相关基因VvXET、VvEXPB2、VvEXPA7和VvWUS的表达,进而抑制不定根的发生,导致植物发育缓慢。因此,MeJA通过影响其他激素的合成代谢来调控它们在植物中的含量,导致内源激素不平衡影响植株发育,并调控植株根的发育状态,在不定根发育方面起负向调控作用。     

乳酸链球菌素及大黄组方对子宫内膜炎大鼠结肠的影响

为研究乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)及大黄组方对患子宫内膜炎大鼠生殖系统内分泌调控与结肠炎症因子的影响,进一步揭示子宫内膜炎与结肠之间的关系,构建子宫内膜炎模型,建模前后用ELISA试剂盒检测各组大鼠子宫中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、催产素(OXT)和检测患子宫内膜炎大鼠结肠中白介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)以及结肠菌群的变化情况来确定治疗效果。结果表明:1)造模前后,空白对照组中MPO和OXT的浓度无显著性差异;造模24h,Nisin组、大黄组方中和高剂量组中MPO的浓度显著降低;大黄组方高剂量组和阳性对照组中OXT的浓度显著高于阴性对照组和空白对照组,阴性对照组显著降低;造模48h,阴性对照组中OXT的浓度显著降低,且显著低于其他各组;造模72h,阴性对照组中MPO显著升高,OXT的浓度显著降低,大黄组方高剂量组和阳性对照组可显著降低子宫中MPO的浓度和显著增加OXT的浓度。2)在结肠中,患子宫内膜炎大鼠在0~72h阶段,阴性对照组中IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度显著升高,大黄组方高剂量组、Nisin组及阳性对照组中IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度显著降低。3)Nisin及大黄组方高剂量组显著增加结肠中乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的数量,显著减少大肠杆菌和肠球菌的数量。研究发现Nisin和大黄组方高剂量组可降低子宫内膜炎大鼠子宫中MPO和OXT的浓度,患子宫内膜炎大鼠使结肠中IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度升高,Nisin、大黄组方高剂量组和阳性对照组可降低IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度,还可以调节结肠中菌群结构。